| Notes |
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Following copied from Barry Hummel, Jr, World Connect db=siderhummel,rootsweb.com:
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Henry's elder son, Richard I (reigned 1189-99), fulfilled his mainambition by going on crusade in 1190, leaving the ruling of England toothers. After his victories over Saladin at the siege of Acre and thebattles of Arsuf and Jaffa, concluded by the treaty of Jaffa (1192),Richard was returning from the Holy Land when he was captured in Austrialater that year. In early 1193, Richard was transferred to emperor HenryVI's custody.
In Richard's absence, King Philip of France failed to obtain Richard'sFrench possessions through invasion or negotiation. In England, Richard'sbrother John occupied Windsor Castle and prepared an invasion of Englandby Flemish mercenaries, accompanied by armed uprisings. Their motherqueen Eleanor took firm action against John by strengthening garrisonsand again exacting oaths of allegiance to the king. John's subversiveactivities were ended by the payment of a crushing ransom of 150,000marks of silver to the emperor, for Richard's release in 1194. Warned byPhilip's famous message 'look to yourself, the devil is loosed', Johnfled to the French court.
On his return to England, Richard was recrowned at Winchester in 1194.Five years later he died in France during a minor siege against arebellious baron. By the time of his death, Richard had recovered all hislands. His success was short-lived. In 1199 his brother John became kingand Philip successfully invaded Normandy. By 1203, John had retreated toEngland, losing his French lands of Normandy and Anjou by 1205.
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Following copied from Barry Hummel, Jr, World Connect db=siderhummel,rootsweb.com:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Henry's elder son, Richard I (reigned 1189-99), fulfilled his mainambition by going on crusade in 1190, leaving the ruling of England toothers. After his victories over Saladin at the siege of Acre and thebattles of Arsuf and Jaffa, concluded by the treaty of Jaffa (1192),Richard was returning from the Holy Land when he was captured in Austrialater that year. In early 1193, Richard was transferred to emperor HenryVI's custody.
In Richard's absence, King Philip of France failed to obtain Richard'sFrench possessions through invasion or negotiation. In England, Richard'sbrother John occupied Windsor Castle and prepared an invasion of Englandby Flemish mercenaries, accompanied by armed uprisings. Their motherqueen Eleanor took firm action against John by strengthening garrisonsand again exacting oaths of allegiance to the king. John's subversiveactivities were ended by the payment of a crushing ransom of 150,000marks of silver to the emperor, for Richard's release in 1194. Warned byPhilip's famous message 'look to yourself, the devil is loosed', Johnfled to the French court.
On his return to England, Richard was recrowned at Winchester in 1194.Five years later he died in France during a minor siege against arebellious baron. By the time of his death, Richard had recovered all hislands. His success was short-lived. In 1199 his brother John became kingand Philip successfully invaded Normandy. By 1203, John had retreated toEngland, losing his French lands of Normandy and Anjou by 1205.
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1157 - 1199 (41 years)
[1, 2] 
